Which two opposing theories dominate the discipline of psychology?
In the first half of the twentieth century, two opposing theories—psychoanalytic and behaviorism-dominated the discipline of psychology, each with extensive applications to human development.
How did skin color evolve?
Pigmentation, (skin color), in humans has evolved under selection pressure from the duration and intensity of sunlight. Ancestral populations near the equator were selected for dark skin, while those living in higher northern latitudes were selected for lighter skin.
What do I put for race and ethnicity?
The revised standards contain five minimum categories for race: American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Black or African American, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, and White. There are two categories for ethnicity: “Hispanic or Latino” and “Not Hispanic or Latino.”
What DNA testing can tell you?
Examination of DNA variations can provide clues about where a person’s ancestors might have come from and about relationships between families. Certain patterns of genetic variation are often shared among people of particular backgrounds.
Why is race a social construct quizlet?
“Race” is not real scientifically because it is a social construct by changing over time and across different concepts. It is a social construction because it is a set of stories we tell ourselves in order to make sense of the world and eventually we believe in it and act upon it.
What animals do we share DNA with?
Chimpanzees now have to share the distinction of being our closest living relative in the animal kingdom. An international team of researchers has sequenced the genome of the bonobo for the first time, confirming that it shares the same percentage of its DNA with us as chimps do.
What is meant by social construction of race?
That’s why we say race is a social construct: it’s a human-invented classification system. It was invented as a way to define physical differences between people, but has more often been used as a tool for oppression and violence.
Can DNA Tell your race?
A genealogical DNA test is a DNA-based test which looks at specific locations of a person’s genome, in order to find or verify ancestral genealogical relationships or (with lower reliability) to estimate the ethnic mixture of an individual as part of genetic genealogy.
What makes a species different?
Most evolutionary biologists distinguish one species from another based on reproductivity: members of different species either won’t or can’t mate with one another, or, if they do, the resulting offspring are often sterile, unviable, or suffer some other sort of reduced fitness.
Is protein found in DNA?
Today, proteins are formed following instructions given by DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) which in turn is synthesized by specific enzymes that are proteins. DNA contains the genetic information of all living organisms. Proteins are large molecules made up by 20 small molecules called amino acids.
What are the steps in DNA fingerprinting?
Seven steps to understanding DNA fingerprinting:
- Extracting the DNA from cells.
- Cutting up the DNA using an enzyme.
- Separating the DNA fragments on a gel.
- Transferring the DNA onto paper.
- Adding the radioactive probe.
- Setting up the X-ray film.
- Yes – we’ve got the result!
What is used to determine evolutionary connections between species?
To build phylogenetic trees, scientists must collect accurate information that allows them to make evolutionary connections between organisms. Using morphologic and molecular data, scientists work to identify homologous characteristics and genes.
What does DNA look like in real life?
What does a test tube of DNA look like? A. Deoxyribonucleic acid extracted from cells has been variously described as looking like strands of mucus; limp, thin, white noodles; or a network of delicate, limp fibers. Under a microscope, the familiar double-helix molecule of DNA can be seen.
Do we share DNA with bananas?
We do in fact share about 50% of our genes with plants – including bananas.” “Bananas have 44.1% of genetic makeup in common with humans.” “Humans share 50% of our DNA with a banana.”
Do Different species have different DNA?
Based on a 1980 book by biologists Niles Eldredge and Joel Cracraft, under the definition of a phylogenetic species, animal species now can differ by just 2 percent of their DNA to be considered separate. (Today there are more than 100 recognized lemur species.)
What do scientists believe is the determining factor that causes skin color variations in groups of humans around the world?
What do scientists believe is the determining factor that causes skin color variations in groups of humans around the world? Ultraviolet radiation exposure in a society over a long period of time.
What aspects of DNA can be used to differentiate species?
For example, scientists can use DNA sequences to help determine if they have discovered a new species. Scientists can also compare DNA sequences from different organisms and measure the number of changes (mutations) between them to infer if species are closely or distantly related.
What is race compared to ethnicity?
Although the concept of race is often associated with ethnicity, the terms are not synonymous. Race includes phenotypic characteristics such as skin color, whereas ethnicity also encompasses cultural factors such as nationality, tribal affiliation, religion, language and traditions of a particular group (Fig 1).
What are some examples of race and ethnicity?
For example, people might identify their race as Aboriginal, African American or Black, Asian, European American or White, Native American, Native Hawaiian or Pacific Islander, Māori, or some other race. Ethnicity refers to shared cultural characteristics such as language, ancestry, practices, and beliefs.
What is the Colour of DNA?
Figure 2: The four nitrogenous bases that compose DNA nucleotides are shown in bright colors: adenine (A, green), thymine (T, red), cytosine (C, orange), and guanine (G, blue).
What makes something a separate species?
According to the biological species concept, organisms belong to the same species if they can interbreed to produce viable, fertile offspring. Species are separated from one another by prezygotic and postzygotic barriers, which prevent mating or the production of viable, fertile offspring.