Does tenofovir gel work?

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In the CAPRISA 004 study, the efficacy of pericoital use of a gel preparation containing tenofovir to prevent HIV in highly exposed women was tested and a 51% reduction in HSV-2 acquisition was observed along with a 39% reduction in HIV acquisition.

What is tenofovir gel used for?

Tenofovir, a nucleotide reverse-transcriptase inhibitor, is widely used in its oral formulation for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Pericoital application of a topical vaginal-gel formulation of tenofovir was shown in one study to reduce HIV acquisition.

What does siRNA bind to?

mRNA
Once the siRNA is part of the RISC complex, the siRNA is unwound to form single stranded siRNA. Once the single stranded siRNA (part of the RISC complex) binds to its target mRNA, it induces mRNA cleavage.

How siRNA can be used as therapeutics?

The sequence-specific gene-silencing by siRNA can be used as a new therapeutic approach for treatment of a variety of diseases that are incurable by conventional drugs. Many efforts have been made to overcome the problems related to delivery, stability, off-target gene silencing and immunostimulatory effects of siRNA.

What are the side effects of Truvada?

The most common side effects of the HIV PrEP drug Truvada — emtricitabine and tenofovir disoproxil fumarate — include headaches, rash, nausea, vomiting, and weight loss. Rare but serious side effects include kidney and liver problems, bone loss, potentially fatal lactic acidosis, and immune reconstitution syndrome.

How do you use tenofovir vaginal gel?

The dosing strategy was based on the woman inserting a dose of gel within 12 hours before sex and a second gel dose as soon as possible and within 12 hours after sex, with a maximum two doses within 24 hours.

What are the side effects of tenofovir?

Tenofovir may cause side effects. Tell your doctor if any of these symptoms are severe or do not go away:

diarrhea.
headache.
depression.
rash.
itching.
fever.
difficulty falling asleep or staying asleep.
gas.

What does siRNA target?

siRNA is a synthetic RNA duplex designed to specifically target a particular mRNA for degradation. While siRNA provides the opportunity to induce gene knockdown in a variety of cell lines, their utility is limited to cells that are amenable to transfection of synthetic oligonucleotides.

How are siRNA processed in human cells?

After entry into the cytoplasm, siRNA is either loaded onto RISC directly or utilize a Dicer mediated process. After RISC loading, the passenger strand departs, thereby commencing the RNA interference process via target mRNA cleavage and degradation.

What diseases can be treated with siRNA?

These include neurodegenerative, musculoskeletal, heart, lung, liver, skin and ocular degenerative diseases. Results of studies revealed high efficiency and specificity for siRNA therapy that is able to overcome some limitations of conventional chemical therapeutics.

Is siRNA toxic?

While all four duplexes in each cluster provide equivalent levels of gene silencing (>80%), only a single siRNA in each group is toxic. FIGURE 2. The toxic phenotype is apoptotic in nature, concentration dependent, and cell type independent.

Can tenofovir disoproxil fumarate nanoparticles improve efficacy in vaginal gel?

To improve TFV efficacy in vaginal gel, we formulated tenofovir disoproxil fumarate nanoparticles in a thermosensitive (TMS) gel (TDF-NP-TMS gel). TDF-NPs were fabricated using poly(lactic-co-glycolic a … Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) with 1% tenofovir (TFV) vaginal gel has failed in clinical trials.

What is the composition of tenofovir gel?

Tenofovir gel consisted of approximately 40 mg of 9- [ ( R )-2- (phosphonomethoxy)propyl]adenine (PMPA) monohydrate in a solution of purified water with edetate disodium, citric acid, glycerin, methylparaben, propylparaben, and hydroxyethylcellulose.

Can tenofovir be used topically to reduce HIV acquisition?

Does tenofovir protect vaginal HIV infection in BLT mice?

One percent tenofovir applied topically to humanized BLT mice and used according to the CAPRISA 004 experimental design demonstrates partial protection from vaginal HIV infection, validating the BLT model for evaluation of new microbicide candidates. J Virol85:7582–7593. doi:10.1128/JVI.00537-11.